ABSTRACT
Background: The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the world. India is not an exception. Alteration of serum lipids & complications is significant in diabetics which lead to micro and macrovascular diseases. Aims & Objective: To know the lipid profile pattern in diabetic patients.To identify high risk group so that they can be treated early for preventing complications. Method: Total 200 OPD & indoor diabetic patients visiting at Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar from June 2014 to May 2015 were selected using certain criteria. Results:Type I patients have onset of Diabetes at an early age with longer duration but they have normal lipid profile. Type 2 patients have onset of Diabetes at late age but they have elevated levels of Triglyceride, Cholesterol, LDL, VLDL with low HDL. Obesity is common in NIDDM.Females having higher lipid profile values than males. Uncontrolled Diabetic patients are more dyslipidemic. Interpretation & Conclusion: Type 1 diabetic patients have longer duration of disease. Type 2 diabetic patients having altered profile, having more risk for complications like atherosclerosis, Coronary Heart Disease etc. Control of Diabetes is necessary for controlling lipid profile & complications.
ABSTRACT
Background:ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region technique has a potential value in the diagnosis of malignancy and can be used in cases with equivocal and inconclusive cytological picture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mean ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region count and ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region Pattern Assessment score in fine needle aspirates of breast lumps.Materials and Methods: The present study consists of 80 cases of AgNOR count done in fine needle aspiration cytology of various breast lesions in patients on O.P.D. basis or those admitted in Guru Govindsingh Hospital attached to Shri M.P. Shah Medical College, Jamnagar during the period between August '98 to May 2000. Fine Needle Aspiration smears were studied by conventional methods and silver staining for ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Regions. Histopathologic diagnosis was taken as the gold standard. Results:ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region count and ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region Pattern Assessment score were helpful in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Mean ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region count and ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region Pattern Assessment score were 2.63 ± 1.36 and6.26 ± 1.19 respectively in benign lesions while they were 8.42 ± 2.53 and 10.05 ± 2.22 respectively in malignant lesions.With few exceptions, cases with high counts had high scores. Conclusion: Mean ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region AgNOR count and Subjective ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region Pattern Assessment score provide useful information regarding cellular proliferation. Both count and score have comparable diagnostic potential but the latter is a more convenient and rapid method for ArgyrophilicNucleolar Organizer Region evaluation.
ABSTRACT
Background: After the introduction of blood banks and better storage techniques blood is more widely used in patients for various indications. In Pakistan more than 1.5 million pints of blood are collected each year. Hepatitis B and C virus infections are known to occur in the general population and due to their mode of transmission through blood and blood products, it has made safe blood transfusion difficult and screening of blood absolutely necessary. Method: In present study, total 2500 blood donors were screened for ALT estimation and HBsAg at Blood Bank, G.G. Hospital, Jamnagar. Results were tabulated in various observation tables and were compared and dicussed with other workers study. Result: Out of 2500 blood donors, 2097 were replacement donors and 403 were voluntary donors, 2421 were male donors and 79 were female donors. Out of 2500 blood donors, 2415 were healthy donors and 85 were showing high level of ALT ( > 45 KU/ml) or HBsAg positivity or both. Out of 2421 male donors, 34 donors ( 32 replacement + 02 voluntary ) were haviang high level of SGPT, 30 donors ( 26 replacement + 04 voluntary ) were having HBsAg positive and 18 donors (17 replacement + 01 voluntary ) were having HBsAg positivity and high SGPT value. Out of 79 female donors, only 03 replacement female donors were having high SGPT and none of the female donor was HBsAg positive. Mean value of ALT was found to be 26.58+8.86.Male donors have higher level of ALT and also higher incidence of HBsAg than that of female blood donors.Replacement donors have higher level of ALT and also higher incidence of HBsAg than that of voluntary donors. 2.24% of 2500 donors had abnormal or high level of ALT ( >45 KU/ml ) 1.92% of 2500 donors were HBsAg positive. 0.72% of 2500 donors were HBsAg positive as well as having high ALT value ( >45 KU/ml). Conclusion: Routine screening of ALT and HBsAgdefinetly decreases the incidence of post transfusion hepatitis.